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When extremely low ripple is required, or when the voltage supplied to the load must remain constant under conditions of large fluctuations of current and line voltage, a closed-loop amplifier is used to regulate the power supply. There are two main categories of electronic regulators. They are:
linear and switching
Electronic voltage regulators are broadly classified into linear regulators (which dissipate excess power as heat) and switching regulators (which use active switching for higher efficiency).
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