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How does antenna height affect the horizontal (azimuthal) radiation pattern of a horizontal dipole HF antenna?
If the antenna is less than one-half wavelength high, reflected radio waves from the ground significantly distort the pattern
Antenna height primarily affects the vertical (elevation) radiation pattern. While very low heights can also influence the azimuthal pattern due to complex ground interactions, the most significant effect of height (especially for dipoles less than λ/2 high) is on the takeoff angle and the strength of high-angle lobes.
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