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Why can a horizontal antenna closer to ground be advantageous for close range communications on lower HF bands?
The ground tends to act as a reflector
At low heights (e.g., less than λ/4), a horizontal antenna's radiation pattern emphasizes higher takeoff angles. These high-angle waves are suitable for Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (NVIS) propagation, providing good coverage for short to medium distances on lower HF bands.
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